First Battle of Manassas, 21 Jul 1861

The War for Southern Independence
McDowell (U, 28,452) against Beauregard (C, 21,883)
The Union Army invaded with the hope of capturing
Richmond, VA, the capitol of the Confederate States
of America. The Union troops were routed – in
particular by Thomas (Stonewall) Jackson and his
troops from Virginia Military Institute.
Union casualties were 460 killed, 1,124 wounded, and
1,312 missing or captured;
Confederate casualties were 387 killed, 1,582 wounded,
and 13 missing.
McDowell bore the brunt of the blame for the Union
defeat and was soon replaced by McClellan.